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Internet of things describes the network of physical objects—a.k.a. "things"—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. (Wikipedia). According to the World Economic Forum's State of the Connected World report, it is predicted that by 2025, 41.6 billion devices will be capturing data on how we live, work, move through our cities, and operate and maintain the machines on which we depend.  The applications of IoT cover broad areas including manufacturing or the industrial sector, health sector,  agriculture, smart cities, security, and emergencies among many others.  Adopting a multi-layer security-by-design approach to IoT development is critical for handling computers, files, web, and cloud-based IoT applications and services, as well as coping with threats and issues as they occur (Afzal, Saira, et.al, 2021). They highlighted IoT Security Issues for example IoT securit...

I want to summarize the publication "The Industrial Management of SMEs in the Era of Industry 4.0". It was published in the International Journal of Production Research (IJPR). IJPR is a well-established and highly successful journal reporting production and manufacturing research. Alexandre Moeuf, et.al studied the current fields of research addressing new changes brought to the production planning and control functions in SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 provides a new paradigm for the industrial management of SMEs. Supported by a growing number of new technologies, this concept appears more flexible and less expensive than traditional enterprise information systems such as ERP and MES. The scope of Industry 4.0 was limited based on the definition by Kohler and Weisz (2016) which is a new approach for controlling production processes by providing real-time synchronization of flows and by enabling the unitary and customized fabrication of products. The proposed ...

There is much literature regarding Small Medium-Sized enterprises in Indonesia. The definition comes from the National Statistics Bureau of Indonesia (SMEs BPS-Statistics Indonesia) and is based on government regulation Number 20/2008 about micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. The National Statistics Bureau of Indonesia defines SMEs based on the number of employees in the organization. For a small-sized enterprise, the number of employees is around 5 to 19 persons and for medium-sized enterprises, around 20 – 99 persons. According to government regulation Number 20/2008, about micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs can be categorized into two criteria, first from net assets and second from annual sales. Micro-sized enterprises have net assets of around IDR 0 to IDR 50.000.000, this number is excluded land and building, and they have maximum annual sales of around IDR 300.000.000. Small-sized enterprises have net assets of around IDR 50.000.000 to IDR 500.000.000, this ...

Digital transformation is one of the strategies for scaling up SMEs. Adoption of digital technology in business activities can help to decrease operational business costs, open new markets, and allocate capital access for SMEs. The digital transformation of SMEs can be accelerated by government and nongovernment support in various forms. On the government side, the support of the digital transformation of SMEs can be implemented by training or technical assistance to use social media/e-commerce for business and allocating toolkit such as free internet access. According to a study between the Ministry of Communication and Informatics & Institute for Economic and Social Research, the University of Indonesia in 2021, summarized the digital profile of SMEs in the digitalization index of SMEs. This digitalization index of SMEs reflected the readiness level of SMEs to accept digital intervention that becomes scaling up of SMEs. It consisted of five components such as business scale, stra...

Ministry of Communications and Informatics (MCI) launched the "SMEs Go Online Program" in 2016. Nowadays, this program focuses to implement industry 4.0 for Indonesian SMEs to scale up. It has the goal to transform SMEs from offline to online commerce.  SMEs have a significant role to invent economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. In 2018, SMEs had contributed almost 60,3% of the total national gross domestic product, absorbed 97% of the total Indonesian workforce, and created 99% of the total employment. Approximately 99% of the total business units in Indonesia have included micro, small, and medium based on data from the Ministry of Cooperative and SMEs in 2008. Considering SMEs ' role as critical in the economy, the support of SMEs must be enhanced to achieve the scaling up of SMEs. The Indonesian Government has established the target of the Scale-Up of SMEs Program of 33.000 in 2024. To obtain this target, in 2021, MCI developed the policy "Survey ...